Synthetizing virtual construction images to strengthen real data volume and variety in real-world application scenarios
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite the potential of synthetic construction images, it remains unknown whether they can strengthen real-data volume and variety in real-world scenarios, wherein a given, real training dataset is small and biased, or large but biased. To address this, we synthetize artificial images in a computer environment to strengthen a real training dataset and test its supplementary effects in both scenarios. Specifically, we simulate a worker’s physical behaviors, capture 2D synthetic images, and annotate its bounding box using a 3D–2D projection algorithm. After combining these synthetic images with a real dataset, we train a vision-based worker detection model and evaluate its performance in each scenario. Results show that the model’s performance is improved by up to 59.1% and 12.8% in each scenario, respectively, comparing to only adopting real images. This indicates that synthetic images can enrich the restricted volume and variety of a given, real training dataset in field application scenarios.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".