Jean Chrétien, Paul Martin, and the Aftermath of 9/11, 2001–2006
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This chapter examines the foreign policies of Liberal Prime Ministers Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin beginning in the aftermath of 9/11 and ending with the defeat of the Martin Liberals on a motion of non-confidence in late 2005. It covers the Canadian response to the 9/11 attacks, the Smart Border Accord, the creation of a new Department of Public Safety, Canada’s contribution to the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan, the Martin foreign policy review and the resultant white paper, A Role of Pride and Influence in the World, international assistance to Africa and Haiti, and the Security and Prosperity Partnership with the United States and Mexico. The cases deal with Canada’s controversial accession to the Kyoto Protocol, the Chrétien government’s decision not to support the 2002 US intervention in Iraq, and the expansion of the Canadian military commitment in Afghanistan. The Beyond the Book case recalls Canada’s refusal to join the US ballistic missile defence program.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".