The effect of structural enrichment and increased water flow on the opportunity for domestication selection in hatchery-reared steelhead (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hatchery-reared salmon often have lower fitness in the wild than wild fish, a difference that appears to result from rapid adaptation to the hatchery environment. Size at release is heritable and positively correlated with survival at sea. Therefore, selection should favor traits that promote fast growth in the hatchery even if those traits are maladaptive in the wild. Modifying hatchery conditions to reduce the variation in size among families should decrease the opportunity for selection. Using a mix of 15 full-sibling families of winter run steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss), we tested two modifications designed to benefit the normally slower-growing fish: (1) the addition of structure to rearing tanks and (2) increased water flow. Neither treatment substantially changed the variance in size at release relative to controls. Furthermore, there was a very high correlation among family mean size across all environments. We conclude that simple changes to the hatchery environment such as those tested here cannot overcome the large family effects and are unlikely to substantially reduce the opportunity for selection on size at release.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".