Dietary supplementation with 15% tomato pomace (Solanum lycopersicum L.) improves sperm production and antioxidant status in aged male broiler breeders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• T-15 increased total PUFAs and reduced n-6/n-3 content in sperm FA profile. • T-15 improved testes' antioxidant status by increasing expression of Nrf2 . • T-15 increased testes’ histological indices by increasing expression of AKT1 . • L-10 treatment reduced histological indices and antioxidant status of testes. The objective was to investigate effects of dietary tomato pomace ( TP ) and L-Arginine (L-Arg; 10% above nutritional recommendation) in aged male broiler breeders. Thirty male broiler breeders (Ross 308), 58 wk old, were randomly and equally allocated into five experimental groups: basal diet ( C ); 5% TP-supplemented ( T-5 ); 10% TP-supplemented ( T-10 ); 15% TP-supplemented ( T-15 ); and L-Arg supplemented ( L-10 ) groups. In contrast to the Control and TP-supplemented groups, sperm of L-10 roosters had higher C14:1, C16:0 and C18:1 n-9c proportions, total saturated fatty acid ( FA ) contents, and n-6:n-3 ratios, but a lower C22:4 n-6 content ( P <0.05). However, sperm of T-15 roosters had increased C18:2 n-6, C22:6 n-3 and total unsaturated FA contents but reduced n-6:n-3 ratios compared to Control birds ( P <0.05). Additionally, serum of T-15 roosters had lower cholesterol and triglyceride ( TG ) concentrations, along with decreased aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) activity ( P <0.05). In serum of T-15 and L-10 roosters, there were increases ( P <0.05) in total antioxidant capacity ( TAC ) and uric acid ( UA ) and a reduction ( P <0.05) in malondialdehyde ( MDA ) concentration. The T-15 roosters had higher ( P <0.05) serum testosterone concentration and testes glutathione peroxidase ( GPx ) activity. Superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) content was reduced ( P <0.05) in L-10 roosters. Seminiferous tubule diameter ( STD ) and seminiferous epithelium thickness ( SET ) were increased in all groups fed TP ( P <0.05) and T-10 and T-15 roosters had increases ( P <0.05) in tubular differentiation indices ( TDI ). The T-15 and L-10 groups had higher mRNA expressions of AKT1 and Nrf2 ( P <0.05). In conclusion, in aged male broiler breeders, up to 15% TP supplementation is recommended to improve reproductive performance by enhancing testes histology and antioxidant status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".