Self-healing kinetics in monolayer graphene following very low energy ion irradiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Monolayer graphene subjected to 13 and 90 eV Ar ion irradiation was probed by in-situ Raman spectroscopy. At 90 eV ion irradiation, a simple damage accumulation is seen. However, at 13 eV, immediately after damage formation, significant graphene self-healing is observed in real time. We argue that energy deposition through very-low-energy ion collisions can create vacancies and carbon adatoms which can diffuse easily on the surface and recombine afterward. The self-healing kinetics exhibit a fast (∼10 s) and a slow regime (∼30 min), which cannot result only from adatom-vacancy recombination. Based on a defect kinetic model, self-healing efficiency is revealed to be limited by dimer formation. Yet, the interplay between Stone-Wales defects and adatoms enables progressive release of the latter, and subsequent graphene self-healing on a longer time scale.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".