In-ovo Delivery of Lipopolysaccharide Induces Protective Antiviral Responses Against Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus Encountered Post-Hatch
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is an avian respiratory virus that causes significant economic losses to the worldwide poultry industry. To address the limitations of current control measures against ILTV infections, it is crucial to develop novel measures that can complement or replace the existing control measures. The in-depth understanding of toll-like receptor (TLR)ligand interaction and activation mechanisms has facilitated the development of more specific synthetic ligands with therapeutic potentials capable of enhancing host immune responses against various infections. As a key ligand for activating the TLR4 signaling pathway, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers immune responses against numerous pathogens. Previous research has demonstrated that the intramuscular injection of LPS in chickens can induce antiviral responses against low pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV) infections. This study evaluated the potential of in-ovo delivery of LPS to stimulate innate antiviral responses against ILTV infection in post-hatch chickens. The results showed that in-ovo delivery of LPS at embryo day (ED)-18 significantly reduced mortality, clinical symptoms, and virus excretion in chickens infected with ILTV at day 1 post-hatch, which was associated with the expansion of the macrophage population in the lungs. This study provides a detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying the antiviral responses elicited against ILTV infection following in-ovo delivery of LPS in chickens.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".