Dual Active Bridge Converter-Enabled Flexible Solar Photovoltaic System Emulator for a Ship-Testing Electrical Microgrid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Integrating renewable energy resources, such as wind and solar photovoltaic (PV), into ships contributes to addressing the maritime industry's environmental and economic challenges. A modern solar PV emulator is a specialized power electronics converter that replicates a PV system's current-voltage characteristic under varying operating conditions such as temperature, irradiance and inverter's maximum power point tracking (MPPT). This enables flexible testing of energy management strategies without the need for an expensive and cumbersome physical solar generation infrastructure. This paper provides a design methodology that enables the single-phase dual active bridge (1p-DAB) converter topology to be the core component of a flexible solar PV emulator for a small-scale ship-testing microgrid. The design procedure is validated with time-domain simulations and experimental tests on an 8 kW, 400 V to 400 V full-scale prototype.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".