Ice Risk Analysis for Floating Wind Turbines and Associated Subsea Infrastructure, Offshore Newfoundland and Labrador
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ice risk to floating wind turbines and associated subsea infrastructure has been evaluated for an area of interest (AOI) covering the northern Grand Banks, Flemish Pass and Orphan Basin, primarily conducted through two publicly-funded R&D projects. Iceberg and sea ice loads corresponding to a 50-year return period were estimated for the study area, considering both the influence of ice management and mooring system compliance. Iceberg contact rates with mooring lines was also assessed and the frequency and severity of atmospheric icing of turbines was modelled using available data. Iceberg risk to subsea electrical cables was estimated using an updated iceberg contact frequency model, and physical testing and modelling programs were used to develop numerical models for assessing the response of a cable, given iceberg contact occurs. Based on the results of these two projects, it was concluded that the ice risk to floating wind turbines and associated subsea infrastructure in the AOI is minimal. The changing ice regime in the region, resulting in an ongoing decline in sea ice and iceberg presence, indicates that ice risk may be even less of a concern in the future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".