MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort

A Sea Change:Problematizing the “Gray Zone” in the South China Sea

2024· article· en· W4404723677 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueUS-China Law Review · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicInternational Maritime Law Issues
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Calgary
Fundersnot available
KeywordsGray (unit)ChinaOceanographyGeographyGeologySea level riseClimate changeArchaeology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Throughout discussions of the geopolitical conflict in the South China Sea (SCS), analysts tend to shy away from using the term "armed conflict" to describe actions taken within the maritime domain.Analysts have relegated such actions to the "gray zone"; a legal ambiguity between the threshold reaching an armed attack and the threshold for reaching an armed conflict.This essay argues that the law of armed conflict (LOAC, commonly referred to as international humanitarian law or IHL) actively regulates more actions in the SCS than some legal analysts let on, and that the LOAC is best suited to regulate actions over that of strictly maritime law.Through an analysis of various incidents between claimants in the SCS, it is revealed that the LOAC effectively lowers the threshold for reaching a state of armed conflict, allowing for more firm arbitrations to be made on the basis of constituting armed attacks rising to the level of armed conflict, as well as determining contributions to an armed conflict.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.929
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.003

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.021
GPT teacher head0.276
Teacher spread0.255 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it