Cooling demand reduction with nighttime natural ventilation to cool internal thermal mass under harmonic design-day weather conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cooling demand is steadily increasing across different climate zones due to global warming. A potential solution for cooling demand reduction is applying nighttime natural ventilation to cool internal thermal mass. However, a simplified and accurate modelling framework to assess the technique is still missing. The goal of the study is to build that framework integrated with a validated internal thermal mass model and apply the framework to quantify the cooling demand reduction potential in a space with different thermal mass and envelope configurations and in different climate zones. Results show that using Granite as internal thermal mass is three times more effective than concrete to reduce peak cooling load. Adding too much internal thermal mass can create adverse effects on cooling load reduction. The optimum thickness of internal thermal mass is between 28 and 45 mm. Envelope construction also has an influence on the performance of nighttime cooling. Applying the technique in buildings with lightweight structures reduces peak cooling load by 35.9% more than heavyweight structures. As heavyweight structures delay the release of the daily absorbed heat and cause higher indoor air temperatures at night. The two belts between the Tropic of Cancer and 60 degrees north latitude, and between the Tropic of Capricorn and 45 degrees south latitude are suitable for nighttime natural ventilation of internal thermal mass, achieving the annual cooling demand reduction above 1.25 kWh m −2 . In Dessert climate zones, the technique exhibits an extraordinary potential to reduce cooling demand, up to 6.67 kWh m −2 per year. • Develop a design framework for nighttime natural cooling of internal thermal mass. • Optimum thickness for internal thermal mass is between 28 and 45 mm. • Internal mass with lightweight wall achieves peak cooling load reduction by 35.9 %. • The belt between Tropic of Cancer and 60°N suitable for using internal thermal mass. • Annual cooling demand reduction can reach 6.67 kWh/m 2 in desert climate zones.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".