Latency Bounds for TSN Scheduling in the Presence of Clock Synchronization
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The IEEE 802.1Qbv (80.21Qbv) standard is designed for traffic requiring deterministic and bounded latencies through strict periodic time synchronization, as specified by IEEE 802.1AS standard. However, internal clock drift in devices causes timing misalignment, introducing further challenges to 802.1Qbv scheduling. Existing solutions, using either complex optimization approaches or non-trivial scheduling heuristics, address this by scheduling frame transmissions only once they are guaranteed to have been fully received, even in the presence of clock drifts. However, this approach introduces additional delays that can impact deadline requirements. This letter analytically derives tight end-to-end latency bounds, allowing us to determine if stream deadlines for a given network will be violated without the need to solve for any scheduling algorithms. It also proposes an approach that results in tighter bounds based on information collected from the synchronization process. The analytical results are compared with simulation results, confirming their validity.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it