XVI Encuentro Internacional de Investigación en Cuidados (Cartagena 2012)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: Cancer is a common and considerable health problem worldwide.Chemotherapy is the most common treatment option for cancer.However it has many side effects which can affect the quality of life (Karabulutlu 2007).Chemotherapy may have various side effects and these side effects may differ in every person.Chemotherapy may lead to alopecia, loss of skin integrity, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, stomatitis, diarrhea, pain, anxiety and depression.All these side effects may differ to the type of the chemotherapy agent (Karabulutlu 2007).To decrease the side effects of chemotherapy; most used medications are antiemetics, analgesics and sedatives.Non-pharmacologically; meditation, heat or cold application, rhythmic breathing, imagination, ice massage, acupuncture, hypnosis, music theraphy, nature sounds and positive thinking may help to decrease the side effects of chemotherapy (Ucan and Ovayolu 2007).Recently; there are certain studies on non-pharmacological symptom management, however most of them are about music therapy (Ucan and Ovayolu 2007).The positive effects of music on symptom management suggest the possible research question that how could nature sounds (rain, ocean waves, birds etc) may affect on symptom management.Affirmations have positive effects to activate the body and consciousness.However there aren't any study which investigate the effect of affirmations on symptom management.As a theory; for understanding and changing behaviors; affirmation is a new subject.The first experimental document about affirmations published in the late of 1990s.there are promising evidences on the effectiveness of affirmations on behavior change (Epton and Harris 2008).In this context; the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of affirmations and nature sounds on the management of symptoms related to chemotherapy.Methods: A randomized controlled experimental study design was used with 140 patients in an oncology unit of a research hospital in Istanbul, Turkey between 12-27-2011 and 01-11-2012.Written permissions and informed consents were obtained from ethical committee and patients.There were three experimental groups and one control group.Every group contained of 35 patients.The first experimental group listened to affirmations during their chemotherapy infusion.The second group listened to nature sounds.Third group listened to nature sounds and affirmations in one tape.The fourth group was the control group.Symptoms were measured with Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale which measures 9 symptoms (pain, tiredness, drowsiness, nausea, lack of appetite, shortness of breath, depression, anxiety, well-being) and other possible symptoms may also considered.First measurement was done at the first onset of symptoms after the infusion starts, second measurement was done right after the chemotherapy infusion ends, and third measurement was done on the fourth day after chemotherapy by telephone interview.The data were evaluated by descriptive statistics and multiple variance analysis.Results: Sixty-five percent of the sample was female and 40.7% was diagnosed with breast cancer.When patients were asked for the most disturbing symptom; 40% answered nausea, 27.9% answered weakness, and 15.7% answered pain.In affirmation group; the scores after chemotherapy and on the fourth day in pain, tiredness, drowsiness, lack of appetite, depression, anxiety, well-being, skin-nail changes, and numbness in hands symptoms were found statistically lower than the scores of the first measurement (p<0.001).In affirmation-nature sounds group; the scores after chemotherapy and on the fourth day in drowsiness, depression, anxiety, well-being, and numbness in hands symptoms were found statistically lower than the scores of the first measurement (p<0.001).In nature sounds group; the scores after chemotherapy and on the fourth day in tiredness, drowsiness, well-being, and numbness in hands symptoms were found statistically lower than the scores of the first measurement (p<0.001).In control group; the
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.101 | 0.023 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".