Dynamic regulation of RNA Polymerase III transcription in mouse embryonic stem cells during heat shock stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cells respond to many different types of stresses by overhauling gene expression patterns, both at the transcriptional and translational level. Under heat stress, global transcription and translation are inhibited, while the expression of chaperone proteins are preferentially favored. As the direct link between mRNA transcription and protein translation, tRNA expression is intricately regulated during the stress response. Despite extensive research into the heat shock response (HSR), the regulation of tRNA expression by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) transcription has yet to be fully elucidated in mammalian cells. Here, we examine the regulation of Pol III transcription during different stages of heat shock stress in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We observe that Pol III transcription is downregulated after 30 minutes of heat shock, followed by an overall increase in transcription after 60 minutes of heat shock. This effect is more evident in tRNAs, though other Pol III gene targets are also similarly affected. Notably, we show that the downregulation at 30 minutes of heat shock is independent of HSF1, the master transcription factor of the HSR, but that the subsequent increase in expression at 60 minutes requires HSF1. Taken together, these results demonstrate an adaptive RNA Pol III response to heat stress, and an intricate relationship between the canonical HSR and tRNA expression. Article Summary This study explores the regulation of RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) transcription during heat shock in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Results show that tRNA transcription is downregulated after 30 minutes of heat shock, but increases after 60 minutes, while other Pol III targets remain unaffected. Importantly, the initial downregulation is independent of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), the key regulator of the heat shock response, but the subsequent increase in tRNA expression depends on HSF1. These findings reveal an adaptive mechanism of Pol III activity under heat stress, highlighting a complex interplay between heat shock response and tRNA expression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".