Better Together: Photoredox/Copper Dual Catalysis in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Photomediated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (photoATRP) is an activator regeneration method, which allows for the controlled synthesis of well-defined polymers via light irradiation. Traditional photoATRP is often limited by the need for high-energy ultraviolet or violet light. These could negatively affect the control and selectivity of the polymerization, promote side reactions, and may not be applicable to biologically relevant systems. This drawback can be circumvented by an introduction of the catalytic amount of photocatalysts, which absorb visible and/or NIR light and, therefore, controlled, regenerative ATRP can be performed with the dual-catalytic cycle. Herein, a critical summary of recent developments in the field of dual-catalysis concerning Cu-catalyzed ATRP is provided. Contributions of involved species are examined mechanistically, followed by challenges and future directions towards the next generation of advanced functional macromolecular materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".