OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT MARKERS IN ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF CASE-CONTROL STUDIES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• This meta-analysis offers evidence for the association between salivary and serum markers of oxidative stress and antioxidants in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). • Oxidative stress and antioxidant systems as molecular markers of OSF may provide insights into disease pathology. • Increased levels of oxidative stress markers and decreased antioxidant marker levels in OSF patients highlight their role as potential biomarkers for OSF diagnosis. This meta-analysis systematically investigates the markers of oxidative stress (OS) and antioxidant systems in the saliva and serum of patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and healthy controls. Using a comprehensive search of databases from their inception period to December 31, 2023, articles related to OS or antioxidant markers in patients with OSF and healthy controls were retrieved. Literature screening and data extraction were performed by two reviewers according to the set criteria, and a third evaluator was involved in case of disagreements. The included studies were assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and the results were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 software. A total of 14 studies were included. Patients with OSF exhibited significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde (serum: SMD: 7.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.14–10.17, P < .00001, saliva: SMD: 3.07, 95% CI: 0.6–5.54, P < .00001) and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (saliva: SMD: 4.84, 95% CI: 3.49–6.18, P < .00001) than healthy controls. Levels of vitamin C (serum: SMD: −3.54, 95% CI: −4.10 to −2.99, P < .00001, saliva: SMD: −1.10, 95% CI: −1.39 to −0.80, P < .00001), vitamin E (saliva: SMD: −1.78, 95% CI: −2.1 to −1.45, P < .00001), and superoxide dismutase (serum: SMD: −9.77, 95% CI: −13.79 to −5.74, P < .00001) were significantly lower in patients with OSF than in healthy controls. The results showed increased levels of OS markers and decreased levels of antioxidant markers in patients with OSF, providing valuable indicators that may aid in clinical diagnosis and management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.017 | 0.042 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.016 | 0.031 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".