Evolving Standards in Prosthetic Heart Valve Assessment With Cardiovascular Imaging: Key Changes in the 2024 American Society of Echocardiography Guidelines
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The American Society of Echocardiography recommendations published in 2024 for evaluating prosthetic heart valve (PHV) function with cardiovascular imaging include new recommendations for the use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac positron emission tomography. Additionally, they now provide normative echocardiographic values for right-sided PHVs and transcatheter heart valves in native valves and when used for valve-in-valve procedures. Furthermore, the recommendations include definitions to improve the recognition and classification of prosthetic heart valve dysfunction. The aim of this review is to summarize these key changes compared to the 2009 update and to include useful tables and figures to aid the reader in assessment of PHV function.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it