SECBNet: Semantic Segmentation-Enhanced Color Balance Network for Optical Satellite Images
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Earth observation satellites can capture optical images under different temporal, climatic conditions, and platforms exhibit substantial differences in color and brightness, leading to poor visual experiences when synthesizing large-area optical satellite images. The related issue of color balancing has attracted considerable attention from researchers, yet challenges such as a lack of research data and sensitivity to model parameters persist. To address these problems, this article publishes a publicly open dataset and presents a semantic segmentation-enhanced color balance network (SECBNet). First, to mitigate the scarcity of research data, we develop a publicly available remote sensing image color balance dataset, Zhu Hai color balance image (ZHCBI), to support related research activities. Second, to improve semantic consistency between the color-balanced images and the target images, we design a dual-branch U-Net architecture guided by segmentation results and propose a novel segmentation feature loss function. Finally, to address issues of seams and unnatural transitions between blocks in segmented processing, we introduce a postprocessing module based on weighted averaging. We conducted comparative experiments and analyses with existing mainstream color balancing algorithms on the ZHCBI dataset. The results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art color balancing quality, with significant improvement in visual effects and a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) (23.64 dB) compared with other mainstream methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".