Hiding in Plain Sight: Indigenous Repression and Resistance in Photographs of the 1901 Royal Tour of Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Photographs taken by William James Topley and William McFarlane Notman of the 1901 royal tour of Canada reflect the intersection of technological and political changes shaping the dominion at the turn of the century. The advent of the handheld camera, while increasing the scope of the colonial gaze, also enabled photographers to take more candid photographs of the royal party and Indigenous attendees. The informal snapshot photographs taken by Topley and McFarlane Notman on handheld cameras at the tour disrupt the triumphalist visual narratives of the tour perpetuated in the settler colonial press. Yet the abundance of potential meanings inscribed within these photographs at the moment of their taking has been disciplined and obscured through their omission from visual economies of the tour, and subsequently, their categorisation within state archives according to settler colonial logics and perspectives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".