Simultaneous effects of climate and land use change on watershed hydrological processes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research aims to investigate simultaneous effects of climate change and land use change on runoff and real and potential evapotranspiration in Mehrgerd Watershed in South Western Iran. To this end, land use maps were produced for years 1987, 2002, and 2017. Then, 2032 map was predicted. Future projections of the Canadian earth system model (CanESM2) model based on representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) emission scenario were used. The projections were downscaled by statistical downscaling model (SDSM) to simulate future climate of the watershed during 2017-2032. Model of soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was employed to simulate watershed's hydrological processes. R2 and NSE for calibration were 0.73, 0.69, respectively. The values for validation were 0.71 and 0.58, respectively. The results showed the contribution of climate change to runoff and real and potential evapotranspiration was 76%, 74%, and 90%, respectively. Furthermore, the land use change contribution to the mentioned components was 24%, 26%, and 10%, respectively. Therefore, effects of climate change on runoff and real and potential evapotranspiration was more significant than that of land use change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".