Possibilistic and maximal indefinite causal order in the quantum switch
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It was recently found that the indefinite causal order in the quantum switch can be certified device-independently when assuming the impossibility of superluminal influences. Here we strengthen this result in two ways. First, we give a proof of this fact which is possibilistic rather than probabilistic, i.e. which does not rely on the validity of probability theory at the hidden variable level. Then, returning to the probabilistic setting, we show that the indefinite causal order in the quantum switch is also maximal, in the sense that the observed correlations are incompatible even with the existence of a causal order on only a small fraction of the runs of the experiment. While the original result makes use of quantum theory's violation of a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality, the proofs presented here are based on Greenberger, Horne, and Zeilinger's and Mermin's proofs of nonlocality, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".