Optimal electric vehicle charging with dynamic pricing, customer preferences and power peak reduction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We consider a provider of electric vehicle charging stations that operates a network of charging stations and use time varying pricing to maximize profit and reduce the impact on the electric grid. We propose a bilevel model with a single leader and multiple disjoint followers. The customers (followers) make decisions independently from each other. The provider (leader) sets the price of charging for each station at each time slot, and ensures there is enough energy to charge. The charging choice of each customer is represented by a combination of a preference list of (station, time) pairs and a reserve price. The proposed model thus accounts for the heterogeneity of customers with respect to price sensitivity and charging preferences. We define a single-level reformulation based on a reformulation approach from the literature on product line optimization, and we report computational results that highlight the efficiency of the new reformulation and the potential impact of our approach for reducing peaks on the electricity grid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".