Quantifying Crustal Growth in Arc‐Backarc Systems: Gravity Inversion Modeling of the Lau Basin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The formation and evolution of arc‐backarc systems govern crustal production in some of the most volcanically and hydrothermally active environments on Earth. This study presents the first complete three‐dimensional density model of the active arc‐backarc system in the southwest Pacific comprising the Lau Basin and Tofua arc. Seafloor density and crustal thickness maps reveal changes in crustal composition and growth rates throughout the basin and along the volcanic arc. Crustal thickness varies significantly between the different centers of accretion (i.e., assemblages), resulting from seafloor spreading and subsurface melt accumulation below volcanic fields. Volumetric growth rates were calculated for each assemblage, corresponding to their respective contribution to basin expansion. The highest crustal density and growth rates are thought to be related to a mantle‐derived melt source entering the basin from the north around the edge of the subducting Pacific Plate. This study shows that the inverse modeling approach can be applied to global gravity data sets to characterize and quantify the density and thickness of the crust anywhere in the oceans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".