Structured Split-Ring Resonator for Sensing Applications: Dielectric-Material Characterization and Label-Free Detection of Biomolecules
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The classic split-ring resonator (SRR) is structured in this paper to optimize the frequency-shifting sensitivity of SRR-based RF/microwave sensors. The SRR is designed on the top layer of a substrate and another mirrored SRR is duplicated in the ground plane of the substrate. The two SRRs are electrically connected to each other to realize closed-loop structures inside the substrate, which results in the engineered structured split-ring resonator (SSRR). It is shown that the frequency-variation sensitivity in this approach of RF/microwave sensor is significantly increased by using the proposed SSRR by more than 200% in relation to conventional counterparts. The experimental results confirm a sensitivity enhancement by a ratio of 2.2:1 with regard to a sensor with among the highest sensitivities ever reported for high-permittivity lossy-material characterization. Furthermore, the sensor is experimentally examined in a biomedical scenario to monitor antibody, demonstrating a sensitivity enhancement by a ratio of 5:1 compared to a recent SRR-based sensor counterpart.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".