Construction of a Multifunctional Janus Nanofiber Membrane Based on Tannic Acid–Fe Complexes for Photothermal/Drug Synergistic Antibacteria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Persistent infections caused by bacterial contamination and excess exudate often delay wound healing. To address this challenge, we have developed a multifunctional antibacterial Janus nanofibrous membrane with unidirectional fluid transport, pH-triggered drug release, and photothermal effect as a potential candidate for the infected wounds using electrospinning technology. This Janus membrane comprises a dual-layer structure: a hydrophilic poly(ε-caprolactone)/tannic acid-ferric ion (PCL/TA-Fe 3+ ) nanofiber layer that provides pH-responsive drug release and photothermal antibacterial activity, and a hydrophobic PCL nanofiber layer for effective unidirectional fluid transport. The dual-gradient Janus structure, designed with hierarchical pore sizes and hydrophilic performance, facilitates rapid water transport. Meanwhile, due to the introduction of TA-Fe 3+ complexes in situ, the Janus membrane demonstrates the capacity for controlled release of TA based on the pH level along with excellent photothermal properties. The synergistic action of TA-controlled release and photothermal effect endows the Janus membrane with nearly 100% bacterial eradication against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as well as the eradication ability of the biofilm. Furthermore, the Janus membrane exhibits acceptable water absorption, moisture permeability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility, indicating its potential as an optimal candidate for treating infected wounds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".