The effect of computer-based Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) approach on the pelvic pain, depression, and anxiety in students with primary dysmenorrhea: a clinical trial study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common pains experienced by women. Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) is a cognitive-behavioral technique that immunizes them against future periods of stress. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of a computer-based stress inoculation approach on pelvic pain, depression, and anxiety symptoms in students with PD. METHODS: The present study is a clinical trial conducted on 100 students with PD. The SIT intervention consisted of eight consecutive sessions. The content of the sessions was created as multimedia on a computer platform of a site. In each session, several interactive questions were asked about the topics of that session, and participants answered them, with responses recorded in the system. Then, each individual session, lasting about 50 min, was sent as a link (offline) to a participant. Data collection tools included the demographics Checklist, McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MMDQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), which were completed on the second menstrual day of the cycle before the study and for three consecutive cycles after the intervention by each student. The data were analyzed using chi-square, generalized linear mixed models (GLMM), and multiple linear regression tests. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The results of the GLMM test showed that the SIT intervention decreased depression (p = 0.002), anxiety (p = 0.001), menstrual distress (p = 0.001), pain intensity (p = 0.003), and perceived stress (p = 0.002), while it increased pain self-efficacy (p = 0.001). Based on multiple linear regression analysis, the main predictors of depression were the student's age and residence in a dormitory (β=-0.255, p = 0.047 and β=-0.376, p = 0.005, respectively). The factors influencing pain self-efficacy were birth rank and the type of university admission (β=-0.351, p = 0.027 and β=-0.249, p = 0.030, respectively). In the presence of confounding variables, increasing age and living in a dormitory were risk factors that increased depression, while studying with tuition fees and a higher birth rank were associated with decreased self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: The computer-based SIT was effective in reducing pelvic pain, and psychological factors, and in increasing pain self-efficacy in students with primary dysmenorrhea. Therefore, it can be used as a useful solution to manage complications associated with primary dysmenorrhea. TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT20230130057274N5 Date of registration: 2024-04-29 Retrospectively registered.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".