Amino acid aided electrophoretic deposition of poly(acrylic acid) polymer and composites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is widely used for the formation of organic or composite films. This investigation addresses challenges in the EPD of polymers, drug and polymer-based composites. The novel approach revolves around the use of L-arginine (LARG) amino acid, and it eliminates the difficulties and limitations of traditional methods, which involve the application of inorganic alkalis. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAH) and ibuprofen (IBUH) are used as the model anionic polymer and drug, respectively, for EPD. For the first time, this investigation demonstrates the application of LARG for solubilization of PAH and IBUH. LARG-aided processing facilitates the fabrication of thick, smooth, crack-free films at an enhanced deposition rate. PAH and IBUH can be deposited independently or co-deposited to form composite films. The EPD mechanisms are discussed. The adhesion of PAH and composite PAH-IBUH films measured according to the ASTM D3359–17 standard corresponds to 5B classification. The IBUH loading rate measured using quartz crystal microbalance from 0.1 g L −1 IBUH solutions at a current density of 1 mA cm −2 is 0.85 μgcm −2 s −1 at the beginning of the loading process and it decreases to 0.23 μgcm −2 s −1 after 90 s. Another important avenue is the application of LARG for EPD of composite organic-inorganic PAH-bioceramic films. Feasibility studies are performed on hydrothermal synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles with different morphologies in the presence of LARG. The LARG-aided manufacturing promotes the stabilization of suspensions for the EPD of composite organic-inorganic films. The results obtained with the aid of LARG can drive the development of other molecules with enhanced functionality for EPD of different organic materials and composites. • Polymer and composite materials were deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). • L-arginine (LARG) replaced inorganic alkali for materials dissolution and synthesis. • Poly(acrylic acid) (PAH), ibuprofen (IBUH), and PAH-IBUH films were deposited. • LARG was used for the synthesis of TiO 2 and deposition of PAH-TiO 2 films. • The deposition mechanism facilitated fabrication of thick films at high rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".