Tax Evasion - A Major Threat to Economic Development and Growth ? Causes and Remedies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Taxes are the major source of revenue to the government.Tax evasion is a serious threat which hampers the economic development to a greater extent as majority of the welfare measures undertaken by the government are funded by the taxes collected. Tax evasion is a scenario where people evade tax through illegal and fraudulent means. It might be in the form of understating profits, gains and turnover and overstating losses and expenses, nonpayment of taxes the tax evaders find every opportunity to evade tax. This results in a huge amount of revenue loss to the government so that the country faces economic stagnation. The economic scenario is such that these tax evaders can even buy the government with volumes of black money. Tax evasion also leads to economic inequality where the rich becomes richer and the poor becomes poorer. This is one of the major reasons for India's poor economic growth since independence despite being very rich in natural and human resources. This review paper focuses on highlighting the causes and ill effects of tax evasion in the overall development of the Indian economy and also suggests a few measures to resolve this issue and there by paving way for the growth of the country.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".