Cross‐resistance of <i>Clarireedia jacksonii</i> to demethylation‐inhibiting fungicides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Dollar spot, caused by Clarireedia jacksonii Salgado, is the most common turf disease in Eastern North America. It is often managed by repeat applications of demethylation‐inhibiting (DMI) fungicides, and decreased sensitivity to the DMI, propiconazole, has been reported. Cross‐resistance, where an organism shows resistance to multiple pesticides, was evaluated in lab studies for C. jacksonii starting almost 30 years ago with four DMI fungicides available at that time. The purpose of this study was to compare sensitivity among 20 isolates of C. jacksonii (low‐to‐high resistance) to 12 DMI fungicides. EC 50 values (effective concentration for 50% inhibition of hyphal growth) were generated for each fungicide by isolate combination, and log 10 transformations of these values were subjected to pairwise correlation analysis, giving R ‐values ranging from 0.60 to 0.99 (all p ≤ 0.05). This suggested that there is significant cross‐resistance in C. jacksonii among the 12 DMI fungicides tested, ranging from partial (mefentrifluconazole and epoxiconazole) to almost complete.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".