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Observation of Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy in the Southern Hemisphere with 12 yr of Data Collected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla, Timothy Aguado, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, Jean-Marco Alameddine, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, Spencer Axani, R. Babu, X. Bai, Aswathi Balagopal, M. Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, Simeon Bash, V. Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, Jakob Beise, Chiara Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, Linda B. Bloom, Summer Blot, F. Bontempo, Julia Book, Caterina Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, J. Braun, Bennett Brinson, Zoe Brisson-Tsavoussis, J. Brostean-Kaiser, L. Brusa, R. T. Burley, Delaney Butterfield, Michael Campana, Ioana Caracas, K. Carloni, J. Graciá‐Carpio, Sharmistha Chattopadhyay, Thien Nhan Chau, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, Brian Clark, Christina Cochling, A. Coleman, Peter John Cusack Coleman, G. H. Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, Rebecca Corley, D. F. Cowen, C. De Clercq, James DeLaunay, Diyaselis Delgado, S. Deng, Aman Mukeshbhai Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, Alejandro A. Díaz, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, P. Dierichs, M. Dittmer, Alba Domi, Lincoln Draper, H. Dujmovic, Daniel Durnford, K. Dutta, M. A. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, Leonhard Eidenschink, A. Eimer, P. Eller, E. Ellinger, Sharif El Mentawi, Dominik Elsässer, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, Waleed Esmail, John Evans, P. A. Evenson, Kwok Lung Fan, K. Fang, Kareem Ramadan Farrag, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, Sebastian Fiedlschuster, C. Finley, Leander Fischer, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, S. Fukami, P. Fürst, J. S. Gallagher, E. Ganster, C. García-Quirós, M. García, Gaurav Garg, Eliot Genton, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Girard-Carillo, Christian Gläser, T. Glüsenkamp, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, Alejandra Granados, D. Grant, S. J. Gray, Sean Griffin, S. Griswold, Kathrine Mørch Groth, David Joseph Guevel, C. Günther, P. Gutjahr, Katherine Gruchot, C. Ha, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, Leon Hamacher, H. Hamdaoui, M. Ha Minh, Michael Handt, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, A. A. Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, Jonas Häußler, Alva C. Hardy, Wayne B. Hayes, K. Helbing, Jonas Hellrung, J. Hermannsgabner, L. Heuermann, N. Heyer, S. Hickford, A. Hidvegi, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, Ramy Hmaid, K. D. Hoffman, Sam Hori, K. Hoshina, Matheus Hostert, Wenjie Hou, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, K. Hymon, A. Ishihara, W. Iwakiri, M. Jacquart, Samyak Jain, Oliver Janik, M. Jansson, M. Jeong, Miaochen Jin, B. J. P. Jones, N. Kamp, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, L. Kardum, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, Akanksha Katil, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, Manish Khanal, A. Khatee Zathul, Ali Kheirandish, J. Kiryluk, Yukiho Kobayashi, A. Kochocki, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, Gerhard Krieger, J. Krishnamoorthi, Karlijn Kruiswijk, E. Krupczak, P. Kumar, E. Kun, N. Kurahashi, Neha Navnitkumar Lad, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, M. Lamoureux, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, Jeffrey Lazar, J. W. Lee, Kayla Leonard DeHolton, A. Leszczyńska, J. Y. Liao, M. Lincetto, Yantao Liu, M. Liubarska, C. Love, L. Lu, Francesco Lucarelli, William Luszczak, J. Madsen, Else Magnus, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, Elena Manao, Sarah Mancina, Alicia Mand, W. Marie Sainte, Ioana Codrina Mariş, Szabolcs Márka, Z. Márka, M. Marsee, Ivan Martínez-Soler, R. Maruyama, Finn Mayhew, F. McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, S. Mechbal, A. Medina, M. Meier, Y. Merckx, Lukas Merten, J. Mitchell, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, Y. Morii, R. Morse, M. Moulai, Andrew D. Moy, Tista Mukherjee, R. Naab, M. Nakos, U. Naumann, J. Necker, Akshima Negi, Ludwig Neste, M. Neumann, Hans Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, K. Noda, A. Noell, Alexander S. Novikov, A. Obertacke Pollmann, Vivian O'Dell, A. Olivas, R. Orsoe, J. Osborn, Erin O’Sullivan, Veronika Palušová, H. Pandya, N. Park, G. K. Parker, V. A. Parrish, Ek Narayan Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, Teresa Pernice, J. Peterson, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Axel Pontén, Y. Popovych, Maria Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, R. Procter-Murphy, G. T. Przybylski, L. Pyras, C. Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, N. Rad, Martin Langgård Ravn, K. Rawlins, Z. Rechav, Abdul Rehman, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, B. Riedel, Adam Rifaie, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, S. Rodan, Gerrit Roellinghoff, Martin Rongen, Aske Rosted, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, D. Ryckbosch, I. Safa, J. Saffer, Daniel Salazar-Gallegos, P. Sampathkumar, A. Sandrock, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, J. Savelberg, P. Savina, Patrick Schaile, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, Lea Schlickmann, B. Schlüter, Felix Schlüter, Nick Schmeisser, Emily Schmidt, T. Schmidt, J. Schneider, Frank Schröder, L. Schumacher, Sonke Schwirn, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, Leo Seen, M. Seikh, Minhye Seo, S. Seunarine, P. Sevle Myhr, R. Shah, S. Shefali, N. Shimizu, M. Silva, A. Simmons, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, Jan Soedingrekso, A. Søgaard, D. Soldin, Philipp Soldin, Giacomo Sommani, Christian Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, Juliana Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, Thomas Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter–Antonyan, A. Terliuk, Matthias Thiesmeyer, W. G. Thompson, Andrew K. Thorpe, Jessie Thwaites, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, C. Tönnis, Simona Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, R. Turcotte, Anuj Kumar Upadhyay, K. Upshaw, A. Vaidyanathan, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, J. Vara, F. Varsi, J. Veitch-Michaelis, M. Venugopal, M. Vereecken, Sebastian Vergara Carrasco, S. Verpoest, Doğa Veske, A. Vijai, C. Walck, Andrew Wang, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, J. Weldert, Alex Wen, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, Lucas Witthaus, M. Wolf, Hannah Woodward, G. Wrede, Xiaodong Xu, J. P. Yáñez, E. Yildizci, Satoru Yoshida, R. Young, Shiqi Yu, T. Yuan, A. Zegarelli, S. Zhang, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, Perri Zilberman, Melany Zimmerman
Bibliographic record
VenuearXiv (Cornell University) · 2024
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersOffice of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive ResearchJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaOffice of Polar ProgramsCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityHelmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle PhysicsInstitute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityAlliance de recherche numérique du CanadaChiba UniversityLoyola University ChicagoKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseVillum FondenNational Research Foundation of KoreaMarsden FundBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungMichigan State UniversityNational Research FoundationUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonVetenskapsrådetU.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Advanced CyberinfrastructureEuropean CommissionFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSPolarforskningssekretariatetNational Science FoundationBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftMarquette UniversityFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekNvidia
KeywordsObservatoryNeutrinoCosmic raySouthern HemispherePhysicsAstronomyNorthern HemispherePierre Auger ObservatoryAnisotropyCOSMIC cancer databaseAstrophysicsNuclear physicsOptics
Abstract
We analyzed the 7.92$\times 10^{11}$ cosmic-ray-induced muon events collected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory from May 13, 2011, when the fully constructed experiment started to take data, to May 12, 2023. This dataset provides an up-to-date cosmic-ray arrival direction distribution in the Southern Hemisphere with unprecedented statistical accuracy covering more than a full period length of a solar cycle. Improvements in Monte Carlo event simulation and better handling of year-to-year differences in data processing significantly reduce systematic uncertainties below the level of statistical fluctuations compared to the previously published results. We confirm the observation of a change in the angular structure of the cosmic-ray anisotropy between 10 TeV and 1 PeV, more specifically in the 100-300 TeV energy range.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.017
Threshold uncertainty score0.033
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.059
GPT teacher head0.187
Teacher spread0.128 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations0
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes