Making space and taking space: exploring the crowding experiences of people using wheeled mobility devices in parks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When parks and protected areas become busy, crowding concerns arise. Existing studies suggest that the negative aspects of crowding may not be experienced equally, particularly for those who may already encounter challenges navigating public spaces. This study utilized interpretive phenomenology to explore how people who use wheeled mobility devices (e.g. wheelchairs, scooters and adaptive bikes) experienced the phenomenon of park crowding. Seven women completed semi-structured interviews in parks of their choice or using Zoom video conferencing. Three themes related to navigating space in crowded parks were developed. Themes include taking up more space than ‘others,’ using your body and device to make space and navigating unpeopled space. This study concludes that crowding complicates social and physical navigation for participants and enhances awareness of their bodies in the spaces they occupy. Findings and practical recommendations shared in this study provide park planners and managers with new insights into the crowded park experience.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".