Incidence, Damage and Management of the Major Pests and Diseases of Robusta Coffee, [Coffea canephora (Pierre Ex A. Froehner)] in Uganda
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Black Coffee Twig Borer (BCTB), Xylosandrous compactus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and Coffee Wilt Disease (CWD) are still the two main biological constraints to Robusta coffee production in Uganda. A rapid assessment survey was conducted in January 2022 in the Regions of Eastern (Busoga), Greater Masaka, Western, South western and Rwenzori to determine the status of pests and diseases in the different regions. A short-structured questionnaire with both open and closed-ended questions was administered to 268 participants that were purposively selected in different regions. At plot level, five coffee plants were selected in each of the sampled coffee farms for observation. The selected stems were checked for infestation by the stem borers and root mealy bugs (evidenced by ants moving up and down the coffee tree). The coffee canopy was divided into 2 imaginary sections—upper and lower to assess damage by leaf skeletonizers, tailed caterpillars, beetles, aphids, mealybugs, lygus, brown eye spot, coffee leaf rust, scales, aphids, berry moth and red blister. In addition, data was collected at field level parameters including: shade intensity, the most common shade trees, weed management and most common weeds (whether grasses, sedges or broadleaved), mulching intensity and mulching material, manuring intensity and common manure used, fertilizer application and type of fertilizer used, presence and type of cover crops, presence of bands and trenches as well as intensity of intercropping and the most common intercrops. Field observations revealed that the Black Coffee Twig Borer (BCTB) was responsible for the drying up of young and old coffee branches across all regions together with Coffee Wilt disease (CWD) to a smaller extent. On average, 9.4% of the primary branches were infested by BCTB. The highest damage levels of BCTB were recorded in Eastern (17.2%) and Western (12.4%) regions. Although, BCTB affected all ages of coffee, young coffee of 2-3 years was most affected. Overall, 3.9% of the sampled coffee trees were infected by Coffee Wilt Disease (CWD), with the highest incidence (8.2%) recorded in Southwestern Uganda. There is need to enhance existing management measures for coffee pests and diseases especially BCTB and CWD. Due to the high levels of spread of BCTB, this will require a community approach to sensitize farmers through meetings and media on the sustainable management of BCTB. There is also need to come up with good dissemination strategies of Coffee Wilt Disease Resistant varieties to aid their uptake and roll out a gap filling programme for coffee trees infected and destroyed by CWD across all regions using CWDr varieties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".