Compatibility of released and adventive populations of Ganaspis kimorum Buffington, 2024, (Cynipoidea, Figitidae), parasitoid of the spotted-wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Taxonomic and host associations have been closely studied within the Ganaspis brasiliensis (Ihering, 1905) (Hymenoptera, Figitidae) complex as parasitoids of the spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Initially, five genetic groups (G1–G5) were identified that suggested the existence of cryptic species that vary in their host ranges and geographic distributions. What was referred to as the “G1” strain was recently described as G. kimorum Buffington, 2024, and approved for release as a classical biological control agent in the United States and parts of Europe. Concurrently, an adventive population of G. kimorum was found in British Columbia, Canada and is likely spreading through parts of the Pacific Northwest such as Washington State, USA. Here, we compare the reproductive compatibility and molecular similarity of laboratory-bred G. kimorum (collected in Tokyo, Japan) used for release in the USA and Europe with the adventive population found in Washington State, USA. Cross-breeding experiments between the Tokyo and the adventive population showed successful mating and the production of female offspring, indicating that they are reproductively compatible. For both populations, the mitochondrial COI barcode region was sequenced and further confirmed the conspecificity of the Tokyo and adventive Washington populations with published G. kimorum. These findings will help to better understand and document the effects of releases of G. kimorum and the reproductive success of adventive and released populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".