Efficacy of Laundry Practices in Eliminating Mpox Virus From Fabrics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The declaration of mpox as a public health emergency of international concern highlights the need for interventions to interrupt virus transmission, including transmission via fabrics. Current World Health Organization (WHO) guidance on clothes washing is based on a general consensus of virus inactivation; however, there is uncertainty about the efficacy of laundry detergents and disinfectants or the reduction of risk achieved by washing clothes for mpox virus (MPXV) specifically. METHODS: This study investigates the efficacy of manual washing for inactivating MPXV from clothes. Using a simulated washing method, we evaluated the efficacy of commonly used laundry products and high temperature water for inactivating MPXV on fabrics. Cotton and polyester fabrics were inoculated with MPXV for 1 minute, placed in a microcentrifuge tube containing water or water with test product for 20 minutes, with agitation every 5 minutes to simulate manual washing. RESULTS: Sodium hypochlorite, liquid sanitizer, and 2 powdered laundry detergents dissolved in room temperature water, as well as 70°C water alone, completely inactivated MPXV (>3 log10 reduction or >99.9% inactivation) on both cotton and polyester fabrics. CONCLUSIONS: Given the expected concentrations of MPXV on fabrics, the low transfer rate of viruses from porous surfaces to skin, the effective inactivation of laundry processes, and the expected doses required for infection, we expect the risk of transmission after laundering contaminated fabrics to be low. This study provides evidence to support WHO guidance for MPXV inactivation, reducing the viral load on fabrics to prevent the spread of mpox in both health care and household settings.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".