Characterizing ultrashort pulses with photon energies above 1.12 eV based on transient absorption in silicon thin films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Frequency-resolved optical switching (FROSt) is a phase-matching-free characterization technique for ultrashort pulses based on transient absorption in semiconductors. So far, this technique has been limited to characterizing pulses with photon energies smaller than the bandgap of the semiconductors used. In this work, we extend the method to characterize pulses of photon energy greater than the bandgap of the semiconductor used for characterization. We demonstrate this by characterizing ultrashort visible pulses and supercontinuum using silicon (Si) thin films deposited on a sapphire substrate. We also demonstrate that visible light sources up to a repetition rate of 250 kHz can be characterized using these samples. Therefore, this study highlights the potential of FROSt as a suitable technique for the temporal characterization of weak visible to infrared pulses, including high harmonics generated in solids.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".