Quantification of Doppler Indices, Contrast Ultrasound Enhancement Phases and Perfusion Parameters of Splenic Parenchyma in Healthy Dogs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The spleen can be affected by a variety of vascular problems. Affected tissue neovascularization in these conditions can be effectively analysed using imaging modalities such as Doppler and contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). Methods: Nine healthy dogs were included in this clinical study comprising two breeds of Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Beagles and one breed each of Crossbred, Pug, and Pitbulls. Pulsed-wave Doppler indices and contrast-enhanced perfusion parameters of the splenic vasculature were obtained by performing spectral Doppler sonography and CEUS using a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent (Sonovue). Result: The mean ± SE value of splenic vein’s Doppler indices were 10.94±2.04 cm/s (PSV), 6.92±1.28 cm/s (EDV), 6.44±1.57 cm/s (MV), 0.35±0.05 (RI) and 0.75±0.17 (PI), while the indices of splenic artery were 31.21±3.12 cm/s (PSV), 8.95±1.63 cm/s (EDV), 13.98±1.95 cm/s (MV), 0.71±0.04 (RI), 1.75± 0.24 (PI). Arterial and venous phases were visible on a CEUS of the splenic parenchyma. The mean ± SE value of the contrast enhanced splenic perfusion parameters (measured in seconds) were as follows: arrival time = 7.00 ± 0.33; time to initial peak = 15.05 ± 0.46; time to final peak = 28.92±1.06; decline time = 97.89±2.82; washout time = 152.22± 9.10.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".