Global Prevalence of Duodenal Atresia in Trisomy 21: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Duodenal atresia is one of significant causes of neonatal intestinal obstruction. It often co-occurs with Down syndrome. This study is conducted to estimate the global prevalence of duodenal atresia in Down syndrome patients and to investigate associated factors. METHODS: Conducting a systematic review with meta-analysis of 18 eligible studies reporting duodenal atresia prevalence in pediatric Down syndrome patients. Study quality is assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The subgroup analysis on region, study quality, publication year, and design is addressed. Gender-specific prevalence rates are examined. RESULTS: The pooled prevalence of duodenal atresia in Down syndrome is 3.0%, with significant heterogeneity. The Middle East reports a higher prevalence of 6.0%, while Latin America, India, and Canada exhibit a lower prevalence of 1.0%. High-quality studies demonstrate 2% prevalence, while moderate-quality studies report 4.0%. Gender analysis indicates a similar incidence for females and males at 3.0%. Prevalence varies with study design: case-control studies report 4.0%, cross-sectional studies report 2.0%, and prospective cohort studies report 2.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Duodenal atresia is common in Down syndrome patients, affecting 3.0% of the patients worldwide. Regional variations exist, necessitating further investigation. Gender does not significantly impact prevalence. This study highlights the need for region-specific research to enhance clinical decision-making for individuals with Down syndrome and duodenal atresia.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it