Local planning for climate induced relocation: A systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Climate change impacts are worsening globally, urging local governments to respond via adaptation. Structural protective adaptation measures continue to be favoured by residents and local decision-makers, while relocation remains a lower priority. Yet, relocation may be the only viable and effective long-term strategy for reducing climate change related community vulnerability. International and national climate policy has started to incorporate content on relocation. However, there is a gap in our understanding of how climate induced relocation is influenced by and considered in local government planning and policy tools. Employing a systematic literature review method, we collected 1,261 records, and analyzed 192 peer reviewed articles published between 1980-2022 in order to respond to three critical questions: 1) What literature exists on local planning for relocation? 2) How do local planning tools and policies influence the process and outcomes of relocation? 3) What are the knowledge gaps in local planning for relocation? Results reveal that scholarship on local planning for climate induced relocation has grown considerably, with attention paid to resident perceptions of risk and adaptation options, planning tools to implement relocation, relocation outcomes, and factors facilitating and constraining relocation. Included scholarship agrees that rigorous and proactive planning is critical to foster effective and equitable relocation. However, we uncovered a lack of scholarship that provides a comprehensive review of relocation planning processes, particularly in Northern contexts. Additionally, our analysis reveals that less attention is paid to exploring how, and which local planning tools consider and influence relocation. • Relocation may be only viable solution for reducing long term climate vulnerability • Local planning/policy is key for effective and equitable relocation in practice • Proactive planning ensures relocation is aligned with community contexts/priorities • Planning tools (eg, rolling easements, setbacks) are used to implement relocation in practice • Little work explores how/which local planning tools consider and influence relocation • Research is needed on local planning processes for relocation in Northern contexts
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".