Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Exchange—ritualized gift giving, trade, and intermarriage—bound together the Assiniboine, the Cree, and the Ojibweg as allies since the late seventeenth century. Their alliance proved critical to the development of French, English, and, later, American and Canadian trading operations that relied on commerce with the peoples of the Northwest interior. The story of captive adoptee Zhaazhaawanibiisens (born John Tanner) provides a provocative look at how this Indigenous social world was transformed in the wake of settler colonialism. As his story highlights, creating treaty conditions that would terminate Indigenous custom was as much a moral issue as it was a matter of national security for the U.S. Republic. The Treaty of Saginaw represented the emergence of a political economy of plunder that would come to define American expansion in the Old Northwest. With the extinction of Native title, vast tracts of Indigenous lands were transferred into public domain, creating a market monopoly in western land for the federal government and subsidizing the expansion of white property ownership in the form of homesteads. In this new political landscape, the status of mixed-race peoples and captive adoptees became precarious.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".