Solid state, rapid mechanochemical route for TiO2 coated Schiff-base polymer as adsorbent for the exclusion of hexavalent Cr from water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The removal of hexavalent Cr from water is vital considering its harmful and carcinogenic effects on human health as well as the environment. Effective exclusion of Cr(VI) provides reliable water to consume, impedes bioaccumulation, and mitigates environmental pollution. The present work details the rapid, ecofriendly, solvent-free mechanochemical route for the development of a polymeric Schiff-Base-wrapped TiO 2 (SBP@TiO 2 ) nano-adsorbent for the effective removal of Cr(VI) from water. The comprehensive understanding of the structural and chemical characteristics of the newly synthesized materials were examined through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. To assess the adsorption capacity, kinetics, and equilibrium of Cr(VI) adsorbate on adsorbent material (TiO 2 and SBP@TiO 2 ) and to understand the interplay between the critical parameters and their impact on adsorption, a series of batch adsorption studies were carried out. The adsorption equilibrium data for the Cr(VI) adsorption process fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm model of adsorption and adsorption kinetics disclosed that the data are in excellent agreement with R 2 values of 0.98721 for the pseudo-second-order, indicating that the sorption process is by chemisorption. Thermodynamic measurements revealed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) on SBP@TiO 2 was spontaneous and endothermic, as corroborated by the −ve value of Δ G o and the +ve value of Δ H o , respectively. It was discovered that the sorption of 10 and 50 ppm of Cr(VI) on SBP@TiO 2 was 96% and 75.4% under optimal conditions, respectively. In contrast, the sorption study of Cr(VI) on TiO 2 under identical conditions was found to be 49%. The study found that surface functionalization of TiO 2 by SBP admirably improved the adsorption capacity, signifying SBP@TiO 2 as an efficient Cr(VI) adsorbent. Schiff-Base polymer-functionalized TiO 2 nanoparticles as effective sorbent hexavalent Cr, offering a promising solution for heavy metal remediation. • A simple mechanochemical route was adopted to synthesize polymeric Schiff-Base-wrapped TiO 2 (SBP@TiO 2 ) adsorbent. • SBP@TiO 2 demonstrated removal effectiveness of 95, 89, 87, 80, and 75% for 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm of Cr(VI) solution. • Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics were corroborated by the experimental data. • Functionalization of TiO 2 boosted the adsorption competence towards Cr(VI) with excellent stability and cyclability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".