Leak Orientation Effects on Flow-Induced Vibration in Horizontal Multiphase Pipelines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Multiphase pipe flow can result in strong structural vibrations. In this paper, an experimental investigation of the effects of leak orientation on flow-induced vibration in horizontal multiphase pipe flow is performed. Two leak orientations are investigated, a leak at the top of the pipe and a leak at the bottom of the pipe. Vibration signals are measured and high-speed videos are recorded. A total of four flow patterns including bubbly flow, plug flow, slug flow and stratified wavy flow are studied. Experimental results show that the leak orientation affects leak flow, leak flow rate, leak percentage and inlet flow rate in differing amounts depending on flow pattern. More pronounced changes are induced by a leak at the bottom of the pipe compared to a leak at the top of the pipe. Variance values of the extracted base functions are computed as a numerical indicator for the presence of a leak. A leak in bubbly flow is the easiest scenario to detect regardless of leak orientation. For a leak at the bottom of a pipe, differences in the computed variance values in plug and slug flows are comparable and detectable. A leak in plug flow induces a larger difference in the variance value than for slug flow if the leak is at the top of the pipe. Both leak orientations show difficulty in determining presence of a leak for stratified wavy flow. It is found that the differences in variance values computed using the x-axis (axial) accelerometer signal are smaller than the other two axes, indicating that more significant changes in FIV are induced in the radial and azimuthal directions during a leak event.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".