New ecological insights on wild pollinator Andrena hesperia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A nesting aggregation of Andrena hesperia in Bologna (Italy) was studied to characterize this bee’s ecology, phenology and interactions with the environment. Andrena hesperia adults emerged between the end of March and the middle of April, displaying univoltine, protandrous phenology. The average resistance to heat stupor of A. hesperia females was 42.53 ± 13.77 minutes at 40°C. Parasites Nomada facilis and Bombylius canescens were associated with the nests. DNA barcode sequences (COI gene) of A. hesperia and N. facilis were sequenced and deposited in GenBank. The gut microbiota of newly emerged individuals was dominated by Bacillota (Lactobacillus and Fructobacillus) and Pseudomonadota (Snodgrassella alvei and Gilliamella). The pollen carried by A. hesperia females was identified morphologically as belonging for the most part to the Asteraceae family. The pathogens detected on A. hesperia showed different infection loads in newly-emerged individuals and foraging adults. This is the first time that comprehensive information on A. hesperia is reported, and it will hopefully foster further studies on this wild bee.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".