Cellulose-based suture: State of art, challenge, and future outlook
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Surgical sutures as the most widely used and high-value implanted materials are of vital importance in wound closure and healing. Among them, cellulose-based sutures with multifunctionality have been developed in recent decades, and are very promising to replace the fossil-based synthetic sutures. Therefore, this paper aims at covering the history and recent advances of cellulose-based suture, mainly including the materials used (e.g., natural cellulose, nanocellulose, and regenerated cellulose), fabrication methods and mechanism of wet spinning and the recently developed interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation spinning, as well as suture application performance (such as mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, biodegradability, absorbable properties, and antibacterial properties). More importantly, it summarizes all cellulose-based sutures, and then delves deep into the challenges and future outlook. Thus, this review provides an important reference for the development of high-end cellulose-based medical sutures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".