Prevalence and factors associated with cognitive impairment among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in medical college hospitals of South India
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background The increased prevalence of diabetes is of a major concern in the background of a developing country like India with tremendous population. Diabetes Mellitus type 2 leads to complications if not diagnosed early and started on treatment. Adding to this, persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are also vulnerable to develop cognitive impairment and affects many cognitive domains. Therefore, recognition of cognitive disorders among diabetic persons with T2DM are important. Method ology: This is a cross sectional study done in persons with T2DM attending two tertiary care teaching hospitals. There were a total of 108 study participants aged ≥18 years and the study was done for one month. Cognitive screening was carried out using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and a score of ≥26 out of 30 was considered as normal cognitive function. Results It was observed that 45 (41.70 %) of the participants had cognitive impairment and it was found to be higher among persons aged ≥60 years, 27 (75.0 %) when compared to age <60 years, 36 (50.0 %). This association was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.02). Of the 58 participants who had diabetes for >7years, 41 (70.70 %), had cognitive impairment while 17 (29.30 %) did not have (p < 0.01). Cognitive impairment was found to be significantly higher among participants with hypertension (74.20 %) when compared to those without hypertension (59.70 %). Conclusion Prevalence of cognitive impairment in persons with T2DM was found out to be 58.30 %. Duration of diabetes ≥7 years was found to be the significant factor associated with cognitive impairment in our research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".