A prospective evaluation of vitamin D levels and knee osteoarthritis risk: A cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disorder, and vitamin D deficiency is a potential modifiable risk factor. This study aimed to assess the association between serum vitamin D levels and knee OA in adults and evaluate the effect of vitamin D therapy on OA progression. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 100 patients with knee OA, aged 40-100 years, who met specific inclusion criteria. Patients were diagnosed with primary OA, and serum vitamin D levels were classified as deficient (< 20 ng/ml), insufficient (20-30 ng/ml), or normal (≥ 30 ng/ml). The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score was used to assess symptom severity. Patients were followed up at 6 and 12 months to assess changes in X-rays, vitamin D levels, and WOMAC scores. Results: At baseline, 54% of patients were vitamin D deficient, 40% were insufficient, and 6% had normal levels. By the second follow-up, 98% had normal levels. The mean vitamin D level increased significantly over time (p
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".