Peace and child health in Sub-Saharan Africa: The demographic cost paid by young children during and after civil wars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The study describes changing trends in child mortality in selected African countries that suffered civil wars. After an overview of political developments following independence, the study draws a contrast between countries who suffered a civil war and others having remained in peace during the same period. The war case-studies were the following: Angola 1975-2002; Mozambique 1977-1992, Rwanda 1990-1999, Burundi 1988-2005; Uganda 1971-1986; Congo-Brazza 1993-2002; Liberia 1989-2003; Sierra-Leone 1991-2002. The study focuses on the impact of destructions and dysfunctions in health systems on child survival during and after the war period since it takes several years after a conflict for full recovery of the health system. The study discusses the frailty of newly independent states, economic downturns and mismanagement, the difficulties of decolonization, the role of the great powers and competing ideologies during the Cold War period, and the divisions resulting from ethnic rivalries to conquer political power. Overall, the study found an indirect impact (~4.9 million deaths) as high as the estimated direct impact of civil wars.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".