Bibliographic record
Abstract
In response to caloric deficit and a cool environment, mice ( Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758) employ daily torpor, a physiological state characterized by metabolic rate depression and bradycardia, followed by a decrease in body temperature. Although some heat is generated during arousal from torpor via uncoupling-protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent activity, there is also evidence of UCP1-independent mechanisms. We hypothesized that mice utilize futile creatine cycling as a UCP1-independent mechanism for generating heat during arousal from torpor, and thus interference with this cycle would result in longer arousal times. β-Guanidinopropionic acid (β-GPA), a creatine analog shown to decrease cellular creatine levels, was used to assess the role of the futile creatine cycle in arousal from torpor. Mice consuming a standard 1% β-GPA diet lost body weight and, unexpectedly, experienced drops in body temperature that appear “torpor-like” in nature. Behavioral (body position) and physiological (body temperature dynamics, heart rate dynamics and variability, surface tail temperature) assessments were used to distinguish between torpor-like bouts induced by 1% β-GPA feeding and natural torpor. Our analysis suggests that the torpor-like bouts induced during feeding of 1% β-GPA should be considered daily torpor. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, the rate of arousal from these bouts was not significantly affected by β-GPA treatment. Still, the utilization of torpor by mice in a fed state is an unusual finding, and one of the few cases where food consumption does not inhibit daily torpor in the mouse.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".