Assessing intertidal sediment photopigment content from spectral reflectance with an UAV-mounted 10-band multispectral sensor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multispectral sensors mounted to unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be leveraged to quantify microphytobenthos (MPB) biomass in intertidal mudflats, providing data products with cm-scale pixels. However, no standard protocol currently exists for calibrating UAV-acquired spectral information to sediment MPB content. Here, we present a new protocol for calibrating data from a UAV-mounted multispectral sensor to sediment MPB biomass as measured by photopigment content. To do so, we developed a methodology for acquiring and analyzing UAV imagery and sediment photopigment field data. We then implemented the protocol in the Fraser River Estuary, Canada to build a statistically valid calibration equation, testing the effectiveness of several spectral indices and photopigment measurements. Calibrated spectral index values can provide a very accurate measurement of MPB biomass, able to achieve 90 % correlation between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and sediment chlorophyl-a (chl-a) concentration. This high performance was achieved by closely pairing georeferenced sediment samples to corresponding multispectral imagery and minimizing the lag between sediment sample collection and UAV imagery acquisition. This protocol can facilitate the use of calibrated UAV-acquired multispectral imagery for investigating ecologically-important fine-scale spatial heterogeneity of MPB biomass.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".