Prognostic Effect of Patterns of Local Extension and Satellitosis in <scp>cT3</scp> Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue: A Prospective Observational Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The anatomy of the tongue is three-dimensionally complex and is thought to play a central role in the local growth of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). Understanding patterns of tumor extension could improve a multimodal therapeutic approach. Thus, the main aim of this study was to provide a histological and microanatomical analysis of surgical specimens after compartmental surgery for OTSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present prospective observational study included primary cT3 OTSCC (according to the eighth edition of the TNM classification) treated in an academic tertiary referral center with curative compartmental surgery, from July 2016 to July 2019. Analysis of histologic macrosections allowed assessment of standard pathologic parameters as well as a detailed analysis of the position of OTSCC cells from microanatomic and topographic standpoints. RESULTS: Of the 28 patients included, 71.4% were males, with a mean age of 64.9 years. Nine (32.1%) patients presented satellitosis, which was always located within the T-N tract. OTSCCs displaying satellitosis had a significantly higher median pathologic depth of invasion (DOI). A radiologic and pathological DOI > 15 mm significantly predicted the presence of satellites. There was a significant relationship between the presence of satellites and both positive lymph nodes and distant metastases. CONCLUSION: Approximately one-third of cases of intermediate-to-advanced OTSCC are characterized by tumor satellites located in the T-N tract. DOI exceeding 15 mm and the presence of clinically appreciable nodal metastases best predict the presence of satellitosis. Satellite-bearing OTSCC behave more aggressively, with an increased risk of distant metastasis and reduced survival.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".