Anomaly Detection in Pediatric and Adults Brain MRI with Generative Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) serves as a valuable tool for detecting abnormalities in brain structures. However, a notable 5-10% of pathologies remain unnoticed in MRI scans. To address this challenge and reduce the burden on radiologists, machine learning methods have been used to automate anomaly detection. In this work, we propose to use Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) for anomaly detection in MRI. DDPM learns to reconstruct healthy brain MRI and generates anomaly maps to facilitate the classification of the input MRI as healthy or unhealthy. The proposed model correctly differentiated all healthy or unhealthy test patients. Additionally, localized regions of interest in the generated anomaly maps, and the diffusion model achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.376, outperforming other generative models such as generative adversarial network (GAN).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".