Stability of Alizarin as a Low-Cost Anthraquinone for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An affordable and sustainable redox-active compound with suitable electrochemical properties is the key for commercializing redox flow batteries. Herein, the stability of the flow battery negolyte, alizarin (1,2 - dihydroxyanthraquinone ), is studied under different cycling conditions with a ferro/ferricyanide posolyte. The developed cell exhibits an open circuit potential of 1.12 V at 50% state-of-charge and capacity fade rate of 0.73% per day with full state-of-charge window (∼0%–99%) cycling. Three capacity fade mechanisms are identified: dimerization of reduced alizarin and a decrease in concentration of alizarin due to precipitation and crossover. Capacity recovery via oxidation of formed dimers is implemented with some success, while leaving precipitation as the dominant capacity fade mechanism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".